Where is a well being drilled, where is the
waste generated. The wastes generated by drilling vary from the drilling fluids
used for drilling and the drilling site, but generally include drilling
cuttings, waste water, spent drilling fluids, completion fluids and filtration
wastes. Absolutely the wastes are contaminants to the surrounding ground and
water if directly buried in the mud pit. With increasing public awareness of
the damage caused by the wastes, the stricter environmental standards and
regulations on drilling activities, the significance of the handling and
treatment of has attracted the eyes of drilling contractors and increased in
different degrees around the world.
The handling and treatment process depends
largely on the local regulation of a country, while in a country where there is
no environmental regulation on the drilling activities, the drilling contractor
will fall back on minimum standards used in other countries or standards set at
a corporate level. Generally, 4Rs can be used to describe the process of
handling and treatment of the drilling wastes:
Reduce&Reuse&Recycle&Recover. Reduce means reducing the wastes by
some methods such as precise plan, smaller bole and selection of drilling
fluids. It would be perfect if no waste generated when a well is drilled. Reuse
means cleaning the waste to collect active drilling fluids by solids control equipment normally
including shale
shaker as 1st phase, desander& desilter or mud cleaner as 2nd
and 3rd phases, and decanter centrifuge as
the final phase. Recycle means to further treat the drilling cuttings after Recycle
after the recovery of the drilling fluid
for reuse. Recover means to make the drilling cuttings into a hydrocarbon by
high temperature treatment. Though the recovered hydrocarbon can not be used as
drilling fluids, it can be used for a fuel material.
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